Introduction As the world becomes more technologically inclined, educational technologies have also evolved significantly in the last decade, with virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) emerging as powerful tools for enhancing learning experiences. A broad spectrum of VR technology ranges from very high-end immersive VR headsets to 360-degree VR, the more affordable type of immersive technology that allows users to experience a virtual environment in all directions as if they are physically present within it. Virtual reality technology offers unique benefits in science education, particularly for visualisation. This project, sponsored by the teaching and innovation fund (deployed by previously DAPQPASD, now DoTE), focused on creating interactive 360-degree learning experiences for intermediate phase (IP) pre-service teachers (also referred to as students) using semi-interactive VR content. Based on contemporary research, semi-interactive immersive learning has proven appealing and beneficial to learning and retention in diverse ways (Walshe & Driver, 2019). 360-degree VR videos, freely available on YouTube, can enhance students’ interaction with and visualisation of different scientific concepts, making learning more engaging and meaningful. These 360-degree VR content usually host multiple representations, including sound, 3D dynamic images, text and semi-immersive learning artefacts catering to different learning preferences. Theoretical Background Visualisation is an important learning component, especially in the sciences, where concepts can be abstract and unrelatable. One of the benefits of visualisation is that it allows students to create mental models that aid in understanding and retaining information (Schnotz & Wagner, 2018). Traditional educational methods often rely on two-dimensional representations, such as diagrams and videos, limiting students’ ability to fully grasp three-dimensional structures and processes. Virtual reality, however, offers three-dimensional immersive experiences that could significantly enhance visualisation (Makransky & Petersen, 2023; Merchant et al., 2014) for pre-service teachers. Teaching Innovation for the 21st Century | Showcasing UJ Teaching Innovation Projects 2024 90
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